Cannabis became partially legal in Germany on April 1, 2024, bringing in a historic change in the country’s drug laws. A year later, political parties, specialists, and advocacy groups are still at disagreement over the law’s future, making it extremely contentious. The future of cannabis laws will depend on the makeup of the next government, as some call for a complete repeal and others for improvements.
Political divide: CDU/CSU vs. SPD
The most vocal opponent of legalization is the conservative CDU/CSU (Union), who have promised to repeal the law if they take back power. Their election platform claims the current structure benefits drug dealers and increases addiction risks for young people. During coalition talks, party head Friedrich Merz has already indicated plans to revoke important clauses.
The SPD, on the other hand, backed the law during the last coalition government, while not being the most outspoken advocate for legalization. As they strive for a legal framework that complies with EU regulations, they place a strong emphasis on public health, juvenile protection, and countering organized crime. The party is strong in its commitment to upholding legalization in the face of mounting criticism, though changes could be necessary.
Experts warn: cannabis is not the only drug problem
While politicians argue about cannabis, healthcare experts and addiction researchers believe that Germany’s drug policy is too limited. Numerous experts have advocated for a more comprehensive strategy, pointing to the growing prevalence of addiction associated with alcohol, gambling, tobacco, and even a possible opioid crisis.
Critics contend that lowering the risk of addiction calls for a multifaceted strategy that includes strict advertising prohibitions on alcohol, tobacco, and sports betting to reduce exposure and influence, more financing for harm reduction and addiction counseling services to support those at risk, and more robust prevention programs in schools to educate youth.
Additionally, the German Society for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (DGPPN) has cautioned against underestimating the dangers of cannabis, especially for children and adolescents. Experts emphasize the need for better education on the dangers of substance usage, given the rise in mental health difficulties following the pandemic.
Concerns and the black market
The existing law’s failure to effectively restrict the illegal market is one of its main critiques. Regulated cannabis cultivation clubs were part of the original idea, but implementation delays have created a lack of law that is helping organized crime rather than eliminating illegal trade.
Authorities has also struggled with gray areas in the law. Police say it’s hard to tell the difference between legal and illegal cannabis distribution, which makes it harder to take down criminal networks.
German cannabis’s future?
Legalization of cannabis is still a secondary issue in coalition negotiations, with social and economic measures taking priority. However, the position of the incoming administration will determine whether the statute is:
- Repealed completely (if the CDU/CSU gets enough influence)
- Expanded (with improved regulation and prevention measures)
- Reformed (to address problems in youth protection and the black market)
Need for a more comprehensive drug policy
The cannabis trial in Germany has revealed more serious problems with the nation’s drug regulations. One thing is certain regardless of whether the law is upheld or repealed: To truly affect public health and safety, a comprehensive strategy that addresses alcohol, tobacco, gambling, and cannabis addiction is required.
The discussion is far from over, and the upcoming months will have a significant impact on how Germany handles drugs for years to come.